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Kenya exported 1.4 million tonnes of cement in 2023—up 38%—mainly to Uganda, Rwanda, and South Sudan, as local demand softened. Bamburi Cement and East African Portland led shipments, leveraging EAC tariff advantages. The Kenya Association of Manufacturers attributes growth to competitive pricing and reliable supply. However, rising coal costs and environmental regulations pose risks. New green cement initiatives using fly ash could cut emissions and costs. The sector supports 15,000 direct jobs and contributes Ksh45 billion annually to GDP.