3
Kenya has rolled out the National Integrated Identity Management System (NIIMS), commonly known as Huduma Namba, to all 47 counties as of April 2024. The digital ID, now mandatory for accessing government services, links birth, immigration, tax, and social protection databases. Over 42 million adults have been enrolled, with biometric verification reducing ghost workers and fraud. The system enabled seamless disbursement of BETA cash transfers and business permits. Privacy advocates have raised concerns, but the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner confirmed compliance with data laws. The World Bank praised NIIMS as a model for digital public infrastructure in emerging economies.