Election Crimes and Offences Study (2016) – Violence & Fraud

A comprehensive study by the National Crime Research Centre has shed light on the scale and severity of election-related crimes in Kenya. Conducted across 20 of the country’s 47 counties, the research identifies undue influence, bribery, voter or ballot fraud, violence, and hate speech as among the most common offences, contrary to Kenya’s Elections Act and constitutional provisions.
The report, which draws on survey data from more than 1,200 Kenyans and interviews with officials from the IEBC, civil society, political parties, and justice agencies, also maps out who commits these crimes. Political aspirants or candidates top the list (~45.7 %), followed by unemployed youth (~28 %), party agents or officials, and even voters themselves.
According to the study, election misconduct takes many forms — from voter bribery and intimidation to ballot stuffing, physical fighting, and even more extreme acts like arson or assault The effects of these election offences go beyond just unfair polls. Researchers found that such crimes undermine social cohesion and trust in democratic institutions, and can result in property destruction, loss of life, and political instability.
Crime Research. The study also highlights systemic challenges in controlling these crimes — including under-resourced institutions, weak enforcement, and gaps in legislation.
Looking ahead, the report calls for stronger preventive measures and accountability mechanisms. It recommends reinforcing laws like the Elections Act, empowering election-monitoring bodies, and addressing root drivers such as youth unemployment and political patronage.
If implemented effectively, these reforms could help Kenya move toward cleaner, more credible elections and reduce the long-term threat of electoral violence.