Calls for improved infrastructure: shortage of classrooms, labs, sanitation as CBC expands — government data & media reports

As the 2025 academic year ends, school administrators are raising alarm over critical infrastructure shortages that could hinder the transition to senior school under the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC). Key deficiencies include inadequate classrooms, laboratories, ICT equipment, and sanitation facilities.
A July 2025 report by Zizi Afrique Foundation and Usawa Agenda showed that only 48% of junior school students have access to laboratories, and the national toilet ratio far exceeds recommended standards.
Despite the government allocating KSh702.7 billion to education in the 2025/26 budget, including KSh1.7 billion for infrastructure, school heads argue that funds are insufficient. Associations like KECSHA are calling for increased capitation per student to meet CBC demands.
The infrastructure deficit disproportionately affects marginalized regions, worsening educational inequalities. Additionally, financial mismanagement—highlighted by a 2023/2024 Auditor-General report uncovering stalled and poorly executed projects worth KSh6.6 billion—raises concerns about effective use of resources.
Parents’ associations and teachers’ unions are demanding urgent, transparent intervention to ensure schools are properly equipped, and students can benefit from the practical, learner-centered approach central to CBC.